Classical Physics Maxwell's equations I. ∇⋅E=𝜌 𝜖0 (Flux of E through a closed surface) =(Charge inside)/𝜖0 II. ∇×E=-∂B ∂t (Line integral of E around a loop) =-d dt(Flux of B through the loop) III. ∇⋅B=0 (Flux of B through a closed surface)=0 IV. c2∇×B=j 𝜖0+∂E ∂t c2(Integral of B around a loop) a =(Current through the loop)/𝜖0 +d dt(Flux of E through the loop) Conservation of charge ∇⋅j=-∂𝜌 ∂t (Flux of current through a closed surface)=-d dt(Charge inside) Focrce law F=q(E+v×B) Low of motion d dt(p)=F, where p=mv 1-v2/c2 (Newton's law, with Einstein's modification) Gravitation F=-Gm1m2 r2er |